中國對外影響日隆，讓學術界也熱鬧起(qǐ)來。著名翻譯家、浙江大學教授許鈞先生撰文指出 ，要通過“文化譯介”，助推中華文化走出去，甚至要改變中譯外被(bèi)重視不足的問題。确實，目前中國 文化還未在海外邁開雙腿，來去自由，而更像坐在輪椅上，上坡的時候尚需有人“助推”一把。但過度 依賴“助推”，對中國文化在海外的自足發展，并不一定有利。
China's foreign influence day long, so that the academic community is also lively. A famous translator, Zhejiang University Professor Mr. Xu Jun pointed out that through the "cultural translation", promote Chinese culture to go out, even to change the problem of insufficient attention outside. Indeed, at present, Chinese culture has not taken the legs overseas, come and go freely, and more like a wheelchair, uphill when someone needs to "boost" a. But relying too much on "boosting" is not necessarily beneficial to the self-sufficiency of Chinese culture abroad. 中國文化的對外譯介，尚且存在人才不足的瓶頸。中國翻譯協會副會長黃友義曾稱，中國 真正合格的中譯英人才不足百人。人才的匮乏導緻的文化“逆差”一時難以改變（參見中新社記者2008 年對黃友義的采訪《中國稀缺“中譯英”人才導緻文化“逆差”》）。這是一重現實。另外一重現實， 是因爲進入門檻低，而今是個高校都(dōu)有外國語學院，乍一看人才濟濟。國家的各種翻譯、外宣基金，都(dōu) 在體制内，經由外語院校和系科承接，吸引一衆學者和教育管理者去競争。 There is still a bottleneck in the introduction and translation of Chinese culture. Huang Youyi, vice president of the Chinese Translation Association, said that China's truly qualified Chinese and English translation talents are less than 100. The lack of talent has made the cultural deficit difficult to change for a while. (see the interview with Huang Youyi, an interview with China News Agency in 2008. This is a serious reality. Another reality is, because of low barriers to entry, is now a university have foreign language college, at first glance, a galaxy of talents. The various translation, publicity fund, all within the system, undertake by foreign institutions and departments, attract scholars and education managers to compete. 有這麽多外語系，在培養著(zhe)大量的人才，爲什麽還存在中譯外人才匮乏呢？一般來說，中 譯外工作應多由以目标文字爲母語的人士承擔。當代漢學家宇文所安教授曾表示：“中國正在花錢把中 文典籍翻譯成(chéng)英語。但這項工作絕不可能(néng)奏效。沒有人會讀這些英文譯本。中國可以更明智地使用其資 源。不管我的中文有多棒，我都(dōu)絕不可能(néng)把英文作品翻譯成(chéng)滿意的中文。譯者始終都(dōu)應該把外語翻譯成(chéng) 自己的母語，絕不該把母語翻譯成(chéng)外語。” 英國漢學家葛瑞漢也持有類似觀點。（參見甯波大學外國語 學院教授在《光明日報》上所撰文章《中國典籍“誰來譯”》，）而在國内翻譯界，這也是大家默認的 規則。不顧此規律，由非母語人士承接中譯外項目，大多是土法煉鋼，多出廢品而非精品。即便一流的 國内中譯外翻譯家，也是内熱外冷，作品在外門可羅雀。很多強行翻譯成(chéng)外文的書籍，有的是質量不行 或者不能(néng)得到潛在翻譯者的認可，找不到合适的人選來翻譯。有的翻譯，則是作者的“虛榮”項目，或 單位的政績工程，是自己掏錢請人翻的。雇主假裝出了大錢，翻譯假裝出了大力，大家心照不宣。 There are so many foreign languages departments that are developing a large number of talents. Why is there still a shortage of Chinese and foreign talents? Generally speaking, Chinese and foreign translation should be undertaken by target language speakers. The Sinologist Stephen Owen said: "Professor Chinese is paid to Chinese classics translation into english. But this work will never work. No one can read these English translations. China can use its resources more wisely. No matter how good my Chinese is, I can never translate English works into satisfactory chinese. Translators should always translate foreign language into their mother tongue, and never translate their mother tongue into foreign language." The British Sinologist, Charles de grace, holds a similar view. (referring to the article written by the professor of foreign languages at the Ningbo University in Guangming Daily, who translated Chinese books.) and in the domestic translation field, this is also the default rule. This is not the law, by non- native speakers to undertake in the translation of foreign projects, mostly indigenous, more waste rather than the fine. Even if the domestic first-class translation of foreign translators, but also the cold outside the heat, work in the streets outside the door. Many books which are forced to be translated into foreign languages are quality or not recognized by potential translators and can not find suitable candidates to translate them. Some translation is the author's "vanity" project, or unit performance projects, is their own money to ask people to turn over. The employer pretended to have made a lot of money, and the interpreter pretended to have made a big effort. 改變中譯外和外譯中的“逆差”局面(miàn)，關鍵還是要深化對外開放。如果增加中國護照的含 金量，并按對等原則，讓其他國家人容易進入中國，雙方來去便利，交流頻繁，則文化走出去水到渠成(chéng) ，不用助推。與此同時，也可考慮如下策略： In order to change the deficit situation in Chinese translation and foreign translation, the key is to deepen the opening to the outside world. If the Chinese passport to increase the value of gold, and in accordance with the principle of reciprocity, so that other people easily access to China, the two sides come and go convenient, frequent exchanges, then the culture of going out, without a boost. At the same time, the following strategies can be considered: 第一，欲求送出去，必先請進來。應吸引更多外國人加入中國文 學的翻譯。現在在中國學習、工作且精通漢語的外國人比過去多了很多。他們常作爲“白面(miàn)孔”、“黑 面(miàn)孔”，上電視參加各種節目，成(chéng)爲娛樂對象，這是很可惜的。不如增加撥款渠道(dào)和基金，讓他們來參 與對外翻譯工作。比如愛爾蘭文學基金會，就(jiù)主動設立基金，請人翻譯愛爾蘭文學作品。這是可以借鑒 的。 First, the desire to send out, you must first come in. More foreigners should be attracted to the translation of Chinese literature. Foreigners who study and work in China and are now proficient in Chinese are much more numerous than before. It is a pity that they often act as "white faces" and "black faces", and participate in various programs on TV as entertainment. It is better to increase funding channels and funds so that they can participate in foreign translation work. The Irish Literary foundation, for example, has set up a fund to translate Irish literature. This can be used for reference. 第二，以民間交流爲主體。記得 2009年舉辦的法蘭克福書展，中國是主賓國，專門有“版 權服務站”；書展上也簽下了多筆版權訂單。政府也批準了中國學術名著、中國文學名著、大中華文庫 等出版系列工程。不知在其他地方成(chéng)效幾何，僅從美國看，從網下到網上，中國經典還是冷門偏門。學 界對中國文獻的經典，也多沿襲前人定位。說典籍必談諸子百家和儒佛道(dào)。但“有心栽花花不開，無意 插柳柳成(chéng)行。”一些我們認定爲好(hǎo)的東西，他人出于種種考慮，漠視甚至排斥。 再者，《論語》、《道(dào) 德經》這些經典，已經有了很多現成(chéng)的譯本，不必再三炒冷飯。而劉慈欣這些科幻作家，經過民間渠道(dào) ，在國外反成(chéng)了氣候。他的《三體》譯本，連奧巴馬都(dōu)買來看。這樣的傳播，是民間自發開展的，不假 官方助推之力。 Second, take civil exchange as the main body. Remember the 2009 Frankfurt book fair, Chinese is the country of honor, has a special "copyright service station"; the fair also signed a number of orders of copyright. The government also approved a series of publishing projects, such as Chinese academic classics, Chinese literary classics and the library of great chinese. I do not know the geometric effects in other places, only from the United States, from the network to the Internet, China classic or popular loopholes. The classics of academic circles in China also follow the predecessors' positions. That book will talk about all classes of authors and Confucianism and buddhism. But "heart planted, flowers do not open, no intention of inserting Liu Liu line."." Some things we think are good, others think, ignore, or even reject. Furthermore, the "Analects of Confucius", "moral" these classics, there has been a lot of ready-made versions, without repeatedly reinventing the wheel. And Liu Cixin, these science fiction writers, through folk channels, in foreign countries into a climate. His "three body" version, even Obama bought it. Such dissemination is carried out spontaneously by the people, and it is not the force of official promotion. 第三，拓展對于價值的認知。這些年我發現一個非常有趣的現象，在中國被(bèi)奉爲學貫中西 的大家，如陳寅恪、辜鴻銘，在國外幾乎沒有多少人知道(dào)。而國外熟知的中國人，如晏陽初，則中國罕 有人知。如果我們拓展對于“價值”的認知，爲什麽不在譯介中，“助推”已經可能(néng)被(bèi)外國人接受的晏 陽初們的著作？ Third, expand the knowledge of value. These years I found a very interesting phenomenon, in China is regarded as Chinese people, such as Chen Yinque, Gu Hongming, in a foreign country almost not many people know. And foreign well-known Chinese, such as Yan Yangchu, China is rare. If we expand the "value" of cognition, why not in translation, "boost" may have been accepted by foreigners who his works? 第四，增加中外合作。如果沒有足夠的人才，從事(shì)中譯外的工作，中外合作也是好(hǎo)辦法。 例如中國古代文獻，不要說外國人，就(jiù)是我們自己有時候也難看懂。如屬中外專家合作，則會産生不同 可能(néng)。需要警惕的是，文字工作過程漫長，合作的話，也需默契。多少年來，也隻有楊憲益戴乃叠這種 夫妻搭配比較成(chéng)功。政府能(néng)做的，是增加些中外協作，在協作的流程和質量控制上做些文章。如果真認 爲某作品重要，可以組建團隊來翻，讓有的人從事(shì)中文翻譯，有的人負責外文潤色，有的人負責回譯以 驗證譯文準确性。一些宗教典籍，如《聖經》翻譯是通過團隊協作方式完成(chéng)，所産生的和合本譯本至今 仍被(bèi)使用。好(hǎo)的團隊協作合流程再造，能(néng)夠解決人才不足的問題。 Fourth, increasing cooperation between China and foreign countries. If there is not enough talent to engage in Chinese and foreign translation work, Sino foreign cooperation is also a good way. For example, ancient Chinese literature, do not say foreigners, it is our own, sometimes difficult to understand. Cooperation between Chinese and foreign experts will lead to different possibilities. Need to be vigilant is that the text of the long process of work, co-operation, but also need tacit understanding. For many years, only Yang Xianyi and Dai Naidie have been successful with each other. What the government can do is to increase the cooperation between China and foreign countries and do some articles on the process and quality control of cooperation. If you really think that a work is important, you can form a team to turn it around, so that some people engage in Chinese translation, some people are responsible for foreign language polishing, and some people responsible for translation to verify the accuracy of translation. Some religious texts, such as the Bible translation, are done by team work, and the resulting translations are still used today. Good teamwork and process reengineering can solve the problem of lack of qualified personnel. 第五，嘗試共享翻譯。過去的翻譯，個人英雄主義流行。一旦某個人的翻譯被(bèi)發現有瑕疵 ，則可能(néng)連人帶書被(bèi)通盤否定。水燒到90度，被(bèi)倒掉重燒。再有人燒到80度，又被(bèi)倒掉，如此反複。倘 若能(néng)夠實現模式上的突破。假如能(néng)像軟件開發那樣，讓後面(miàn)的人修改前人錯誤，增加“補丁”，升級版 本，陸續認可所有參與者的功勞，則不廢前人努力，有益于逐步改進，功莫大焉。一些網友，如“譯言 ”曾有過合作翻譯的嘗試，大概是因爲缺乏資助，沒有大規模拓展開。在這個有共享單車的時代，共享 翻譯，還是可以繼續嘗試的。 Fifth, try sharing translations. In the past, personal heroism was popular. Once someone's translation has been found to be flawed, it may even be taken with the book in full denial. The water was burned to 90 degrees and drained and burned. Another person burned to 80 degrees, and was thrown out, so repeatedly. If we can achieve a breakthrough in mode. If you like software development, let the people behind the change of previous errors, increase the "patch" upgrade version, have recognized all participants in the credit, is not beneficial to the waste of previous efforts, gradually improved, great. Some users, such as "Yeeyan" attempts have been made to cooperative translation, presumably because of a lack of funding, no large-scale expansion. In this era of sharing bikes, sharing translations, you can still keep trying. 中國文化傳向(xiàng)全世界，參與世界文明的交流與對話，也需要我們繼續保持謙虛姿态。經濟 、文化各有規律，未必會同步發展。經濟的發展，強勢的國際形象，雖然最終會強化文化影響力，但這 種關系，也是有一定延後效應的。即便中譯外、外譯中再保持逆差五十年，也應有胸襟坦然對待。 China's culture spread to the whole world and to participate in the exchange and dialogue of world civilizations, and we also need to continue to be modest. The economy and culture are in regular order and may not develop simultaneously. Economic development, a strong international image, although ultimately will strengthen cultural influence, but this relationship is also a certain delay effect. Even if the foreign language translation and foreign translation to maintain a deficit of fifty years, should also be broad-minded. 上一篇：上海翻譯公司的收費标準,如何選擇一家靠譜的翻譯公司
